How to Become a Geneticist in the USA
Genetics Careers in Clinical, Lab, Healthcare and Research Settings
Nov 16, 2008
Genetics is a huge area split into several different fields. While some geneticists work with disease, others may work in agriculture, or in genetic counseling. Genetics positions usually require a bachelor’s degree, so students may be able to think about their future path during these studies.
Different Types of Geneticists
The main types of geneticists (in brief):
- Basic research geneticists – these geneticists usually undertake research in universities, biotechnology firms and research institutes.
- Laboratory geneticists – geneticists in laboratories complete practical work in areas such as agriculture, clinical medicine and forensics.
- Clinical geneticists – these geneticists are physicians, working in areas such as medical centers, research institutes and hospitals.
- Genetic counselors – these geneticists are healthcare providers, offering support and information to people regarding genetic disorders.
Typical Route into Genetics
This route usually requires the following steps:
- Completing a high school education, usually including biology, mathematics, physics and chemistry.
- Completing a bachelor’s degree, usually majoring in biology or genetics.
- Completing a PhD in genetics.
A geneticist wanting to concentrate on research could either seek work at their graduate school or apply for positions at research institutes. A laboratory geneticist may also start with this route, but may be required to complete further training specific to their chosen field. Some laboratory geneticists have only bachelor’s degrees.
Medical Route into Genetics
Clinical geneticists usually achieve an MD, and some other geneticists also take this route. This includes:
- As with the other route, completing a high school education, usually including biology, mathematics, physics and chemistry.
- Completing a bachelor’s degree. A biology or genetics major is not essential, but it is probably useful!
- Completing medical school and achieving an MD.
- Completing a residency in pediatrics, internal medicine or obstetrics and gynecology.
- Completing a genetics fellowship.
Becoming a Genetic Counselor
A genetic counselor may enter via the typical route, but they also come from backgrounds such as nursing, social work and psychology. They need to complete a graduate degree, usually a master’s, in genetic counseling (a bachelor’s degree is usually a requirement of entry). Genetic counselors must be certified with the American Board of Genetic Counseling.
General Tips for Careers in Genetics
- Seeing a careers adviser – high schools usually provide this service to students. They can advise on the appropriate courses to take, how to apply to colleges and the personal qualities that schools and employers will be seeking.
- Contacting colleges/universities – this is important as entry requirements for degree programs will vary.
- Contacting potential employers – it’s worth checking what potential employers are looking for (job searches in newspapers or online is a good place to begin ). Some organisations many even offer voluntary work experience programs.
- Getting involved in science – being part of science clubs and societies shows enthusiasm and dedication.
All of these career possibilities come with different rewards and challenges, and so it is important for potential candidates to consider their choices carefully. For more information on the different careers, read Careers in Genetics on the Ask the Geneticist website.
Sources
Careers in Genetics, Genetics Society of America website, accessed: 16th November 2008, no author specified.
Careers in Medical Genetics, American College of Medical Genetics, 16th November 2008, no author specified.
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